自然游憩

保山青华海国家湿地公园管理中心,保山市科学技术协会,联合推出

 

第2期The Second Phase

脊椎动物.灰斑鸻Pluvialis squatarola

脊椎动物，鸟纲，鸻形目，鸻科。全球广布，在中国所有省份均有分布。灰斑鸻繁殖于北极高纬度地区的潮湿苔原地带，迁徙经过中国东部的大部分地区，越冬于江苏以南的沿海，在迁徙季节会途径内陆。图片摄于云南保山青华海国家湿地公园。

灰斑鸻属于鸻鹬类。鸻鹬是全球迁徙鸟类的典型代表。每年迁徙季节到来的时候，沿着东亚-澳大利西亚国际候鸟迁徙路线迁徙的鸻鹬，有很多都会在我国东部沿海停留，补充食物。东部沿海是鸻鹬迁徙的能量补给中转站，对于国际候鸟保护意义重大。灰斑鸻受到中国和日本以及中国和澳大利亚政府保护候鸟及栖息环境协定的保护（备注：这两个协议旨在减少对两国间候鸟所到之主要地区的伤害，签约国须禁止捕捉候鸟及其鸟蛋）。

在保山，幸运的话，可以在迁徙季节见到灰斑鸻。鸟如其名，非繁殖期的灰斑鸻上体灰褐色，密布白色斑点，下体白色，配色优雅。繁殖期的灰斑鸻脸和腹部都是黑色的。怎样才能快速认出这位朋友呢，最容易的识别特征就是它们飞起来的时候能够看到明显的黑色腋窝。它是鸻形目中的大个子，体态粗壮，稍显驼背，与相似的金斑鸻相比站姿不够挺拔。

灰斑鸻主要栖息于沿海滩涂、河口、潮间带，迁徙季节也会出现在内陆湿地。它们觅食的时候会保持不动先观察一会儿，再奔跑出去捉取猎物。繁殖的时候它们主要吃昆虫，越冬的时候主要吃软体动物、沙蚕和虾蟹等。它们的喙厚重结实，强而有力，可以把喙插入泥土中，然后把里面的沙虫扯出来。另外，它们眼睛大视力好，夜间也能在月光下觅食。

灰斑鸻是海鸟中飞行速度最快、最有力的鸟之一，能在强风中轻松飞行，这有利于它进行长途迁徙。研究表明，它们能够连续飞行3000公里（差不多是保山到北京的距离）。想象一下，这得耗费多大的体力啊。虽然灰斑鸻繁殖范围很窄，但是它们越冬范围很广，主要沿着海岸迁徙，有时候还挺羡慕它们可以全球旅行呢。

候鸟迁徙是个艰辛的过程，希望所有候鸟都能安全抵达它们的家。

The Second Phase

Grey Plover ( Pluvialis squatarola )

Vertebrates, Aves, Charadriiformes, Charadriidae. It is widely distributed all over the world and in all provinces of China. The Grey Plover breeds in the wet tundra at the high latitudes of Arctic, migrates through most area of Eastern China, and overwinters in the coastal areas of south Jiangsu, passing inland during the migration season. The photo is taken in The Qinghuahai National Wetland Park in Baoshan city, Yunnan proince.

The Grey Plover belongs to the shorebirds. Shorebirds are a typical example of migrating birds around the world. During the annual migration season, many shorebirds that migrate along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway will stay on the eastern coast of China to replenish their food. The eastern coast of China is their energy transit station, which is of great significance to the international migratory birds protection. The Grey Plover is protected by Agreement between China and Japan on the Protection of Migratory Birds and their Habitats and Agreement between China and Australia on the Protection of Migratory Birds and their Habitats.( Notes: these two agreements aim to reduce damage to major areas visited by migratory birds between the two countries, which must ban the capture of migratory birds and their eggs).

In Baoshan city, if you're lucky, the Grey Plover can be seen during the migration season. As its name suggests, the non-breeding Grey Plover has a grey-brown upper body with white spots dotted, and a white lower body with an elegant color match. The Grey Plovers of breeding season are black in face and abdomen. How to recognize this friend quickly, the easiest distinguishing feature is that when they fly, you can see a conspicuous black armpit. It’s stout and larger than most other plovers and stand with hunched rather than upright posture compared with the similar Pacific Golden Plover.

The Grey Plover mainly inhabits coastal beaches, estuaries and intertidal zones, and also appears in inland wetlands during migration season. While foraging, they keep still to observe for a while, and then run out to catch their prey. When breeding, they mainly eat insects and when overwintering, mainly eat mollusks, ragworms, shrimp and crabs. Their beaks are so thick and strong that they can stick them into the sand and pull the ragworms out. In addition, their big eyes and good eyesight make them can foraging at night.

The Grey Plover is one of the fastest and most powerful seabirds, and they are able to fly easily in strong winds, which makes it easier for long migrations. Studies have shown that they can fly continuously for 3,000 kilometers (It's almost as far as Baoshan to Beijing). How much energy it would take! Although  Grey Plover have a narrow breeding range, but they have a wide wintering range and they mainly migrate along the coast, sometimes it makes people envy that they can travel globally.

Bird migration is a difficult process. We hope that all the birds can reach their homes safely.

文字整理：黄木娇

海报设计：黄木娇

英文翻译：何雪、黄木娇

Text: Mujiao Huang

Poster design: Mujiao Huang

English translation: He Xue, Mujiao Huang